Friday, November 15, 2019
Nonverbal Use Of Gestures
Nonverbal Use Of Gestures People express themselves nonverbally with the use of gestures (Archer 80). For instance, doing an A-OK sign by making a circle with ones index finger and thumb is an expression of approval to most Americans. When former U.S. President Richard Nixon deplaned in Caracas, Venezuela in 1956, he flashed two A-OK signs with his fingers to a group of demonstrators and caused a riot to erupt. The former President was later briefed that the meaning of the A-OK sign to Americans was equivalent to raising the middle finger to Venezuelans (Moran, Harris, and Moran 63). Despite being a crucial tool in effective communication, the meaning of nonverbal signals or gestures that people apply varies across different cultures. Hence, gestures are often misinterpreted. The silent signals attached to nonverbal communication are revealing. They can tell us motives, emotions, and feelings such as indecisions, honesty, joy, frustration, approval, anger, and many more (Goman). Being able to catch the meaning of the tiniest gestures that people make is important in everyday interpersonal communication and especially in the business world. Knowing what offends and what does not, what is proper and what is not, is an edge that individuals must be equipped with if they are to succeed in this competitive world (Stolte). Now that we live in a globalized world, diversity is a reality that all face and cultural differences in gestures need to be understood if we are to promote harmonious and effective communication. This paper presents cultural differences in gestures and nonverbal signals that have been studied or revealed in literature. Different Gestures, Different Meanings Subtle nonverbal practices or actions need to be understood because they have the possibility of offending others. The use of fingers, hands, and feet The thumbs-up sign which equates to Great! in the U.S. has a different meaning in other countries. In Australia, Bangladesh and Nigeria, this gesture is considered insulting (Kohl). In South Asian countries, gesturing to someone to accompany him to where he or she is supposed to sit down should not be made using the index finger in order to point to the location. This gesture is applicable only to animals. The polite way to beckon individuals to their seats is to bow slightly and with the back of your hand, indicate the place which you wish them to sit (Goman). Hailing a taxi cab could get different results depending on how you raise the palm of your hand. When you hail a cab with the palm of your hand raised, Asian cab drivers will interpret it as an aggressive gesture. In order to hail a cab properly and politely, the back of the hand must be held at the thigh level (Jones 4). Another source of difference in interpretation is the use of fingers (Stolte). Generally, when one hold up two fingers in the air, this means two. While this may seem a universally true interpretation, it means differently in other countries. Germany and France interprets the holding up of two fingers as three; therefore, tourists who order beer using this gesture will always get three beers at a bar in Germany. In both countries, counting always starts with the thumb. Hence, when Americans and Canadian use two fingers to count (also to say Peace!), the Germans and French will count two by using their thumb and a finger (also interpreted as a gun). Australians indicate time to drink up by folding three fingers of the hand against the palm, leaving the thumb and little finger sticking straight up and out. The same gesture means six in China (Jones 4). Another source of confusion is how to use the fingers and hand to call the attention of someone (Moran, Harris, and Moran 64). For instance, calling the attention of a waiter or waitress is done differently in different countries. In North America, all you need to do is to say Miss, or Sir, raise a finger or tilt your head to one side to call attention. Snapping ones fingers is considered impolite and disrespectful. In China and other Asian countries, the same task is accomplished by clinking a cup or a glass with your ring or a spoon. In Middle Eastern countries, clapping hands achieves the same result. In Japan, calling attention requires extending your arm slightly upward, palm down, and fluttering your fingers. In Spain and Latin America, people extend their hands, palm down, and then rapidly open and close their fingers (Jones 4). Handedness is also a source of confusion. All Muslim countries and some Asian nations consider the left hand as dirty and sinister, hence, using the left hand in receiving or presenting objects is frowned upon. The left hands use is for toileting and hygiene and is hence considered filthy (Jones 4). When taking food or other materials, one must always use the right hand (Goman). In Muslim countries, meals are communal gatherings and people scoop ones food with flat bread from a bowl found on the center. People sharing the food always use their right hand in scooping viand from the bowl. In Asian countries, using the right hand is the polite way of interacting with others. It is so because the right hand is the more dominant and adroit hand. When presenting or receiving a gift or any material however, Asians generally use both hands to signal ones appreciation for the goodwill (Jones 2). Shaking hands does not have a universal meaning or interpretation. In fact, the shaking of hands is particularly Western (Kohl). When dealing with other cultures, the rule is to never assume that the person in front of you or beside you is willing to shake your hand. Another rule especially true in Islamic countries is to never shake a womans hand. Another rule is not to shake someones hand unless that person extends his or her hand first (Goman). This is why some Americans who offer to shake someones hand upon first meetings are considered invasive and arrogant (Early and Ang 21). There are also ways in which shaking hands must be performed. For women in Asian countries, shaking hands means touching each others hands in a gentle manner. Even among men, the bone-crushing grip that is used by Western men when they shake hands is frowned upon in Eastern countries and is considered aggressive. Men of the Middle East and Asia simply brush their palms, which most Western men may find effe minate but for the former constitutes superior breeding and proper manners (Jones 3). A pat in the head or in the back is not similarly interpreted in different countries. In the US, patting the head of a small child is interpreted as affectionate. This gesture would be frowned upon in Malaysia and other Islamic countries because they believe that the head, being the source of spiritual and intellectual powers of a person, should be untouched (Early and Ang 22). Moreover, how Americans slap each other in the back to express camaraderie, delight, or to offer congratulations is not proper in Asian countries. This gesture would be considered aggressive and improper (Jones 5). Gestures that use the foot also hold different meanings for different cultures. In most cultures, such as in Asia and the Middle East, the sole of the foot is filthy and should be covered. Exposing the soles of the feet is disrespectful and insulting. Arabs usually direct the sole of the shoe toward the floor and do not do the typical leg-crossing of Western men where the calf or ankle of the crossing leg rests on the thigh of the other leg (Goman). In addition, among the people of a Laos tribe, when a woman taps the tap of a gentlemans foot with hers, she is indicating her desire to have sexual intercourse (Jones 5). Eye Contact Eye contact is very important in the West. Avoiding direct eye contact as seen in the movies is one way of detecting whether someone is lying (Goman). Hence, in Western culture, anybody who fails to maintain good eye contact is considered suspicious (Kohl). Other interpretations of people who avoid direct eye contact are unfriendly, insecure, untrustworthy, inattentive, and impersonal (Moran, Harris, and Moran 63). Conversely, avoiding ones gaze is a gesture of respect and of knowing ones place in Asian culture (Jones 3). For instance, Japanese children are socialized in school to focus their gaze on someones tie knot or an Adams apple. In China and in Japan, adults lower their gaze when speaking to a superior as a gesture of respect. In Latin American cultures and some Africa cultures, such as Nigeria, prolonged eye contact from one individual of lower status is considered disrespectful (Moran, Harris, and Moran 63). Staring is considered very rude in America while staring in China and other countries just indicates mere curiosity over someone and is not considered impolite or disrespectful (Kohl). In England, people are taught to pay strict attention to a speaker, to listen carefully, and to blink ones eyes to indicate comprehension or that one is listening. Americans signal interest and comprehension by bobbing their heads or grunting. A widening of the eyes can also be interpreted differently. For example, take the case of an American and a Chinese discussing the terms of a proposed contract. Regardless of the language in which the transaction is carried out, the U.S. may interpret a Chinese persons widened eyes as an expression of astonishment instead of its true meaning of politely suppressed Asian anger. (Moran, Harris, and Moran 64). Touch Recent studies reveal differences across cultures on the amount of touch applied and whether touch is displayed in public or in private (Early and Ang 78). For instance, in Tonga, when couples or families are parted, they weave their arms around one another, pray, and chant. Europeans usually lock in an embrace or share a passionate kiss publicly. Koreans do not use touch publicly. Moreover, it is customary for Austrian men to kiss the hand of a lady recently met in a restaurant and to go far as walk her to her table. While some cultures may find this disturbing or offensive, this is considered polite manners in Austria (Kohl). Interpreting Gestures One of the most significant studies on gestural difference across cultures was conducted by Dane Archer in 1997. Basing his data on a documentary made on people from various parts of the globe taking U.S. English as a Second Language, he provided a detailed inventory of some of the most commonly misinterpreted gestures from cultures all over the world. While errors are almost always forgiven, misinterpretation of gestures often leads to irritation, annoyance, and frustration among persons communicating. Below is an inventory of the gestural differences (Archer 81): 1. Good-Bye = Come Here (Japan) 2. Good Luck (U.S.) = Screw You (Iran) 3. Good Luck (U.S.) = Boyfriend (Japan) 4. Screw You (U.S.) = I Dont Believe You (Uruguay) 5. Im Angry (Nepal) = You Are Afraid (Mexico) 6. OK (U.S.) = Money (Japan) 7. OK (U.S.) = Sex (Mexico) 8. OK (U.S.) = Homosexual (Ethiopia) 9. Killed/Dead (U.S. throat slash) = Lost a Job (Japan) 10. Homosexual (U.S.) = Henpecked (Mexico) Conclusion Globalization has also meant respect, tolerance, and understanding of diverse cultures. The use of body language, hands, eyes, feet, fingers, and touch mean something to one culture and differently to another. As communication becomes increasingly intercultural, the need to be informed of how nonverbal communication across cultures vary enable us to be careful of what we say, how we use gestures, and how we apply nonverbal cues in order to get our message across effectively.
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
Essay --
DNA isolation and amplification of ansA1 and ansA3 genes Good quality genomic DNA was isolated (Sambrook, et al 2002) and bothansA1 and ansA3 genes were amplified by PCR. Clear bands of both the genes showing a size of 1kb were observed under UV transilluminator after agarose gel electrophoresis (Fig 1). Figure 1: PCR amplification of both ansA1 and ansA3 genes: Lane (A): Step up 100bp marker, Lane (B): amplification of ansA1 gene, Lane (C): amplification of ansA3 gene Overexpression and purification The overexpressed recombinant proteins (rBliAI and rBliAIII) of B. licheniformis MTCC 429 were purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA column. Overexpression of recombinant His-tagged asparaginase into E.coli leads to improvement in yield and affinity purification process of enzyme (Enriquez et al, 2012). The fractions showing presence of protein with the help of Bradfordââ¬â¢s reagent were pooled together. The pooled protein solution was dialyzed against the same buffer and was checked for the L-asparaginase activity. The purified protein after SDS PAGE or Native PAGE showed a single band (Fig 2) illustrating its homogeneous nature. The molecular weight of the subunits of ansA1 and ansA3was found to be approximately 37kD after SDS PAGE analysis. SDS PAGE analysis of recombinant L-asparaginase from Pyrococcus furiosus displayed single 37kDa band (Bansal et al, 2010). In another study, recombinant ansA from Rhizobium etliin SDS-PAGE showed the presence of a single polypeptide chain of 47kDa (Enriquez et al, 2012).Native PAGE analysis showed the molecular weight of the purified protein as ~74 kDa. This study confirmed that the ansA1 and ansA3 enzymes from Bacillus licheniformis MTCC 429 are a homodimer in... ...8 1.50x106 Roth et al, 2013 Table Comparative kinetic parameters for hydrolysis of L-asparagine The kinetic properties of recombinant BliA were investigated and the parameters like kcat and kcat/Km were also studied with L-asparagine as a substrate. Comparative studies of the rBliA with asparaginases from various microbial sources showed that rBliA has lower Km value for L-asparagine (Table 2) confirming thatrBliA hasbetter affinity towards its substrate than other reported (Table) microbial sources. The catalytic constant (kcat) of rBliA was only 1.5 times higher than the L-asparaginase from E.coli and catalytic constant of rErAII was 1.35 times higher than rBliA. The absolute value of kcat/Km suggests the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Price and Nairn, 2009). kcat/Km of the rBliAIII was 5.4x 104 which is lower than the asparaginases from E.coli and Erwinia. Essay -- DNA isolation and amplification of ansA1 and ansA3 genes Good quality genomic DNA was isolated (Sambrook, et al 2002) and bothansA1 and ansA3 genes were amplified by PCR. Clear bands of both the genes showing a size of 1kb were observed under UV transilluminator after agarose gel electrophoresis (Fig 1). Figure 1: PCR amplification of both ansA1 and ansA3 genes: Lane (A): Step up 100bp marker, Lane (B): amplification of ansA1 gene, Lane (C): amplification of ansA3 gene Overexpression and purification The overexpressed recombinant proteins (rBliAI and rBliAIII) of B. licheniformis MTCC 429 were purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA column. Overexpression of recombinant His-tagged asparaginase into E.coli leads to improvement in yield and affinity purification process of enzyme (Enriquez et al, 2012). The fractions showing presence of protein with the help of Bradfordââ¬â¢s reagent were pooled together. The pooled protein solution was dialyzed against the same buffer and was checked for the L-asparaginase activity. The purified protein after SDS PAGE or Native PAGE showed a single band (Fig 2) illustrating its homogeneous nature. The molecular weight of the subunits of ansA1 and ansA3was found to be approximately 37kD after SDS PAGE analysis. SDS PAGE analysis of recombinant L-asparaginase from Pyrococcus furiosus displayed single 37kDa band (Bansal et al, 2010). In another study, recombinant ansA from Rhizobium etliin SDS-PAGE showed the presence of a single polypeptide chain of 47kDa (Enriquez et al, 2012).Native PAGE analysis showed the molecular weight of the purified protein as ~74 kDa. This study confirmed that the ansA1 and ansA3 enzymes from Bacillus licheniformis MTCC 429 are a homodimer in... ...8 1.50x106 Roth et al, 2013 Table Comparative kinetic parameters for hydrolysis of L-asparagine The kinetic properties of recombinant BliA were investigated and the parameters like kcat and kcat/Km were also studied with L-asparagine as a substrate. Comparative studies of the rBliA with asparaginases from various microbial sources showed that rBliA has lower Km value for L-asparagine (Table 2) confirming thatrBliA hasbetter affinity towards its substrate than other reported (Table) microbial sources. The catalytic constant (kcat) of rBliA was only 1.5 times higher than the L-asparaginase from E.coli and catalytic constant of rErAII was 1.35 times higher than rBliA. The absolute value of kcat/Km suggests the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Price and Nairn, 2009). kcat/Km of the rBliAIII was 5.4x 104 which is lower than the asparaginases from E.coli and Erwinia.
Sunday, November 10, 2019
The Master of Zen
In ââ¬Å"The mystery of Zenâ⬠the character is bewildered by the Zen masterââ¬â¢s strange connection between him and the bow and arrow. Brought to light by this story, we experience the incredible connection between a sport, a man, and how the he uses his instinct to bring them together. Zen is a type of meditation intended to create a total togetherness with the body and mind. As part of this togetherness, the bow and arrow would be considered an extension to the body as made one with the mind. This technique involves the communication with both abiotic and biotic mass to create peace or balance with ones surroundings. As an action is performed the master delves into a trance as he immediately responds to his environment in a fluid manner. The same view that is made to build this connection can also be used in other sports to reach excellence. Boxing is a sport that can be used as an example of the influence Zen can play on a not so peaceful sport. As in life, the most important fight you can win is the battle to resist mental defeat; this sport becomes a way of life. There are a few mental disciplines or practices the mind must follow to achieve success in and out of the ring. In order to gain a hold on oneââ¬â¢s own style of boxing, there must first be effort that results in a good physical core and stamina. This means one needs to dedicate time and effort to build strength before one enters the ring. Oneââ¬â¢s goal is to have achieved an athletic physique and mentally satisfying accomplishment that one aims for. However, the greater underlying achievement is the subconsciously built benefit which is time management. Creating a working system that one eventually follows almost as second nature. This first step to becoming a boxer is essentially the layout for any future endeavors. Although the tasks might be different, the key ingredient to having a successful anything is consistency. This step brought me closer to reality. It helped me accept the fact that success is determined by how hard one is willing to work at something to be good at it. I found out starting up that boxing helped build a good work ethic, and gave me energy to open up time in my day to build a solid schedule for work, play, and school. The leading cause to this improvement was my hunger for building a foundation for a sport I was interested in. The second step I had to go through was learning combinations. This meant training my hands to move with my weight so I wouldnââ¬â¢t lose balance through the combination. Variations of light to heavy punches with timed duck and weaves meant I would need to go against my naturally unbalance motion to create a fluid and balanced form to stay on track. Prior to this training my body would prepare itself to go through at most a minute of intense motions I believed was exceptional. However, these new movements were far more complicated and went on for five or so minutes. My body would naturally cringe from having to duck from right to left as I had only taught my body to move from left to right. My answer to the issue was taking very deep breaths during my pick and weaves to decrease tension and slow my heart rate down. After two weeks of intense training I had noticed my breathing intervals were further apart. I would take a deep breath by grasping as much energy as I could and then let it all go. I also noticed that I was more focused and alert at work and school. Boxing helped me be more patient and calm while making decisions to accomplish objectives throughout the day. The answer wasnââ¬â¢t as simple as attacking the objective. A plan would have to be made and I would have to following through with it in order to win. This suited well for me because I learned to treat the obstacle somewhat like a match, as I would plan possibilities and measure the cost of taking one versus the other. Maybe I got into boxing in the first place because I knew it might clear my mind at work. Majority of the time, I had the responsibility to make executive decisions. Sometimes I would be answering two phone calls while dealing with customers and making arrangements for shipments all at the same time. To say the least, being patient and making a plan worked best. I would take a break from boxing from time to time and still use the patience I learned from it to make the best decisions at work. After sparing a dozen matches and a dedicated routine, I began to look at my surroundings differently. The average boxer has a particular style that he constantly works on to reach the peak of perfection. Some might have slightly different variations of the way they work but they are all essentially just cycles. My reaction time was fast and I was in good shape the only thing I was missing was intuition. When pushed to the brink in later rounds I would use the connection with my surroundings to change tactics. In business and school there is the ninety nine percent which is the effort you make to do well and there is that one percent that is intuition. The feeling that the decision made was the right one. Itââ¬â¢s like that no worries type of feeling one gets after making a risky ecision, almost like a humble form of over confidence. The measurement of cost and benefit and then thereââ¬â¢s that last nudge that tells you to make it happen. Itââ¬â¢s fluent, as though you are one with that shipment that predictions say is too much for the margin. Knowing that when your body finally ducks under that over hand right, your own uppercut will connect with devastating force. Going thr ough these experiences helped me understand how to use the benefits of intuition on a deeper level. The practices and fundamentals of boxing transcend to what makes a hard working person. Adversity that needs to be overcome is answered with consistent practice of this sport. Many of the obstacles that one would run into in the business world and at school are confronted in different forms. The simple ground work of boxing is a universal map of how someone can approach and prepare for future endeavors. The connection that is strung tight with body and mind is important for attempting to accomplish anything. Relying on the self to make decisions sometimes without the resources necessary to make logical decisions requires this self-understanding and togetherness that can only be utilized by expressing the self.
Friday, November 8, 2019
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Wednesday, November 6, 2019
Free Essays on United States Air Force And IT
The Air Force has a communications and information team seeking to make the Air Force better while enabling everyone to do their jobs better, faster, cheaper, and smoother through the smart use of information technology. This, Air Force Information Technology Management Strategic Plan, establishes the fundamental vision, goals, and strategies for being world class acquirers, users, and managers of information and information technology. The United States Air Force seeks to make information technology professionals the best in the world at applying information technology to the mission and business processes of the Air Force. Discussed will be the Air Force infrastructure, challenges with technology attacks and the internet. The Department of Defense (DoD) infrastructure, alone, consists of over 2.1 million computers, 10,000 local area networks, and 1000 long distance networks. Over 95% of the Defense Department systems utilize public communications networks available to the general public. These networks are classified as the global, national, and defense information infrastructures (GII, NII, and DII). They all use interconnected transport medium linked to public switches that route data between geographically separated systems. This includes the Department of Defense classified systems that operate on the Secret Internet Protocol Routing Network or SIPRNET. The Department of Defense also critically depends on information technology to help design weapons, identify and track enemy targets, pay soldiers, mobilize reservists, and manage supplies. Basically to command, control, protect, pay, supply, and inform the force. As dependence on increasingly interconnected information systems grows, so does t he Department of Defense vulnerability. To meet these new challenges, the information technology community in the Air Force is reshaping its focus. That focus consists of the following operating philosophy: Make Air Force mis... Free Essays on United States Air Force And IT Free Essays on United States Air Force And IT The Air Force has a communications and information team seeking to make the Air Force better while enabling everyone to do their jobs better, faster, cheaper, and smoother through the smart use of information technology. This, Air Force Information Technology Management Strategic Plan, establishes the fundamental vision, goals, and strategies for being world class acquirers, users, and managers of information and information technology. The United States Air Force seeks to make information technology professionals the best in the world at applying information technology to the mission and business processes of the Air Force. Discussed will be the Air Force infrastructure, challenges with technology attacks and the internet. The Department of Defense (DoD) infrastructure, alone, consists of over 2.1 million computers, 10,000 local area networks, and 1000 long distance networks. Over 95% of the Defense Department systems utilize public communications networks available to the general public. These networks are classified as the global, national, and defense information infrastructures (GII, NII, and DII). They all use interconnected transport medium linked to public switches that route data between geographically separated systems. This includes the Department of Defense classified systems that operate on the Secret Internet Protocol Routing Network or SIPRNET. The Department of Defense also critically depends on information technology to help design weapons, identify and track enemy targets, pay soldiers, mobilize reservists, and manage supplies. Basically to command, control, protect, pay, supply, and inform the force. As dependence on increasingly interconnected information systems grows, so does t he Department of Defense vulnerability. To meet these new challenges, the information technology community in the Air Force is reshaping its focus. That focus consists of the following operating philosophy: Make Air Force mis...
Monday, November 4, 2019
Eating Disorders for High School Students Essay
Eating Disorders for High School Students - Essay Example Sometimes individuals with anorexia work out excessively or purge by the use of diuretics, laxatives, or vomiting to avoid adding weight (Swain, 2006). Bulimia is also an eating disorder in which people of near-normal or normal weight engage in periodic binge-eating, which is instantly preceded by feelings of depression and guilt. Actions are then taken to eliminate the calories, for instance laxative use, self-induced vomiting, excessive dieting, or fasting (Kinoy, 2001). A recent study by the National Mental Health Institute exposed that roughly 15% of teenagers in high school take part in these disordered eating behaviors. Bulimia, anorexia and other eating disorders are crucial health worries. Some of the medical effects of eating disorders consist of infertility, osteoporosis, hypokalemia, acute electrolyte disturbances and renal failure (Stewart, 2010). Anxiety, depression, impaired relationships, repeated self harm and restrictions on social functioning are a few of the psycho logical effects that can occur in people who have constant eating disorders. Maybe the most worrying truth about eating disorders is that they are the most lethal of all psychopathologies. Nearly 20% of individuals with an eating disorder die from their physiological sequelae (Alfano, Hodges & Saxon, 2010). This paper will research on the causes of eating disorders for high school students and how they can be mitigated. Literature Review Turning to food as a way of dealing with low self-esteem is a key psychological factor in the growth of an eating disorder (Alfano, Hodges & Saxon, 2010). If a young person feels powerless, he or she can focus on... The research will explore teachers and adolescents in rural, high schools, in relation to their knowledge and prevalence of eating disordered behavior. The research focuses on prevention efforts in educational environs and clarifies that prevention of eating disorders is best tackled by creating a positive and supportive school surrounding. Recommendations for further research and study are discussed in the paper. This essay approves that In high school, students may have immense pressure to be slim or super muscular so as to be accepted by their peers. Some might also want to attract potential romantic partners. Other writers also support this. Such scenarios have appeared all over especially in California and Texas. The two are considered as one of the most fitness, diet and weight-crazed states in the United States. In these living conditions, other teenagers are encircled by unhelpful ââ¬Å"body talksâ⬠all the time, in the playing ground, in the dorm rooms and dining halls. Students cannot escape these comments. The comments can make crucial teenagers go crazy. They will start worrying about their own weight and make them feel awkward about their own body, even though they have never worried about their bodies before. This report makes a conclusion that there might be limitations to this research such as financial constraints and not all students wanting to take part in the survey. However, the findings contribute extensively to information regarding rural teenagers eating disordered behaviors and attitudes, and also rural educators level of preparedness and knowledge.
Friday, November 1, 2019
Quality Safety And Cost As It Affects Nursing Essay
Quality Safety And Cost As It Affects Nursing - Essay Example Organizations that have been able to reorganize care delivery to be centered around the patient (where the responsibility of offering care is arranged around what the patients want and needs, as opposed to around the convenience of the organization together with its clinicians and staff) are accomplishing success in enhancing both efficiency and safety, and reducing cost. These organizations also realize that the loyalty of their workforce is rising, and their general organizational performance increases, with profitability benefits. I would demonstrate the importance of nurses in providing patient-centered care. It is important for the director and staff to realize that there should be a healthy clinical relationship between the nurses and patients. These relationships communicate caring, together with the emotional and social responsibilities of delivering care. This way the director and the staff can realize that nursing care can affect the quality of care and patient safety and t he cost. I recommend that social interactions between the nurses and patients are central to patient care should not recede with the advancement of technology. Emotional and social tasks of providing care should never take a back seat to the administrative and biomedical tasks of providing care. The potential nurse-patient relationship to improve the safety and cost-effectiveness of care delivery should never be overlooked in the discussions regarding the way to reform the health care system.
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